By - Dr F. Lalbiakmawia

Thuhma

Tui pawimawh zia chu sawi nawn ngai lovin kan hre vek awm e. India ramah hian buh leh bal tharna atana tui kan hman zaa 62 zet chu leichhung tui a ni a. Thingtlang mite tui hman tur zaa 85 leh khawpui mite hman tur zaa 45 vel lai chu leichhung aṭanga siak chhuah a ni bawk.

Mizoramah chuan leichhung thuk tak aṭang lak chhuah kan la uar lo hle. Kan pipute hunlai aṭang tawhin kan tui lakna ber chu tuikhur a ni a. Heng tuikhur aṭanga kan tui chawi ṭhinte hi leichhung ata tui (ground water) lo luang chhuak a ni thung, ground water hi kan tan a lo pawimawh hle tho mai.

Lui te (stream) leh kawr tuite pawh ṭangkai takin kan lo hmang tawh ṭhin a, amaherawhchu, tuihna kiam zel avang te, lui leh kawr hnar lama thil dang (lei laih, thildang sak leh siam) kan tih zel avang te leh kan hnawm hnawkin tuihnar a tih bawlhlawh theih zel avang tein leichhung tui chu ṭangkai zawk leh hlawk zawk a hmang duh kan lo awm ta zel a. Khawl hmanga verha lak chhuah (pump chhuah) kan lo uar ṭan ta hle, hemi a nih avang hian leichhung tui awm kan chhawr ṭangkai chho ta zel niin a lang.

A hnuai ami ang hi Central Ground Water Board leh PHE Department, Mizoram ten Mizoram chhunga leichhung tui awm zat an chhut chhuah zat a ni:

Hmuh theih loh zawnna

Leichhung tui (ground water) hi leilung hausakna ṭangkai leh hman nasat tak mai a ni a. A awm ngei tih hriat si, hmuh nghal mai theih si loh a ni. Hengtiang hi a nih avang leh tui mamawhna a san ṭhin em vang te pawh a ni ang, leichhung tui zawn dan chung changah hian dawi lam chi leh thil dang, belh chian dawl lote pawh a awm ṭhin.

Science thiamna hmangin a zawndan chi hrang hrang an duang chhuak tawh a. Leichhung tui tam lam leh a quality chung chang erawh chu tunthlengin chiang taka sawi nghal a la har hle.

Leichhung tui awm duhna hmun chu:

Leilung awmdan zir chianna aṭangin leichhung tui awm duhnate hriat thei a ni ṭhin a. Lung mur hraw apiangte’n tui an pai tam thei. Rawra atan leh lungrem atana kan hman, lungpaw (sandstone) te hi an mur a hraw a, tui an pai tam thei a ni. Lungmur sin chiah chuan a mur inkar awl a te a, tui a paitam thei lo a ni.

Lei khi chat (fault) leh leilung khi (fracture & fissure) te hian ruah tui an lo dawh khawl thei ṭhin a. Heng leilung khi awmna hmun te hi leichhung tui laih chhuahna atan thlan ṭhin tur an ni. India ram chhim lam phai zawl, lung chang tak tak, tui pai thei lo ho awmnaah chuan hetiang leilung khi awmna zel hi leichhung tui an hmuhna a ni nghe nghe.

Ram pian phung (Geomorphology)-ah hian leichhung tui awm theihna hi thui tak a innghat tih hriat tur a ni a. Kham chhenghchhia (Cliff) leh hmun awih tak takahte chuan leichhungah tui lut hman lovin an luang tlang zel a, leichhung tui a awm thei lo. Hmun zawl leh ruam rai ṭha apiangah leichhung tui hi a awm tha ṭhin. Heng ruam raiah pawh hian, a leilung a zirin leichhung tui tam dan a in ang lo. Ram pian hmang thlur binga leichhung tui zawn dan hi an hmang uar hle bawk.

Leichhung tui zawn dan chi hrang hrang te:

Leichhung tui zawn dan hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, a tlangpui han sawi thuak thuak ila-

• Geological/Conventional survey: A hmuna chik taka ram leilung awm dan zir chianna aṭangin leichhung tui awm theina a hriat ṭhin a. A chunga kan sawi tak – lung mur len zawng, leilung khi awm dan leh a ram pian phung zir chian phawt chu he survey dan kalphung hi a ni a. Hetianga zir chianna hian hun a duh rei deuh ṭhin.

• Resisitivity survey: Leilunga electric kal dan hmanga leichhung tui awmna zawn dan a ni a. A tlem berah metre 100 vel tal electric kalna tur hrui (cable) zam a ngai ṭhin. Electric hrui thui tak zam a ngai ṭhin avangin kan ram zawl zau leh thui awm tam lohnaah hi chuan hman uar a har viau. Hrui kan zam thui theih poh leh leichhung (sub-surface) lama leilung awm dan kha kan hmu thuk thei a. Metre 100-a thui ngil taka electric kalna tur hrui kan zam pawhin metre 30-a thuk bak chu hriat theih a ni meuh lo.

• Remote sensing leh (GIS) hmangin: Hei hi a tunlai bera ngaih a ni a. Ral khat aṭang thil hriat theihna (remote sensing) ah hian tun hma chuan thlawhna aṭanga thlalak kha an hmang uar ṭhin a. Tunlaiah erawh chuan satellite-in ram thla a lak hi an hmang uar ta hle. GIS hi thil dang dang tam takah pawh an hmang lar hle. Remote sensing leh GIS hmang hian leichhung tui awm theihna atana thil pawimawh chi hrang hrangte zir chian theih a ni a. A tlangpuiin lung chi hrang (lithology), a ram awih leh zawl dan (slope), leikhi leh kak (geological structure-fault, fracture, lineament), a ram hmul leh ram hman dan (land cover/ land use), a ram pian hmang (geomorphology), a ram lei (soil), lui leh kawr awm dan (drainage), a ram san zawng (relief/elevation) te a hrang theuhvin map-ah siam phawt an ni a. GIS hmangin vek chuan heng map chi hrang hrangte dah thuahin leichhung tui awm duhna te chu a hriat theih ta ṭhin a ni. Hemi hmang hian leichhung tui awmna thuk zawng leh a tui haw tam theih dan tlangpui chu a hriat thei a ni. Remote sensing leh GIS hian leichhung tui awm ṭhatna leh ṭhat lohna tlangpui min hrilh thei a.

Leichhung tui lak chhuahna tur lei kan verh dawnin ngun tak leh chip chiar takin a hmunah kalin zir chian leh phawt ṭhin tur a ni. Chuvang chuan, leichhung tui verh chhuah kan duh reng rengin hetiang lama mithiamte rawih ngei ngei tur a ni.